(Combining Ability and Gene Action Controlling Morpho-Agronomical Traits in Bread Wheat Genotypes under Non-Stressed and Drought-Stressed Conditions)

Document Type : Research and Review Papers

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Genetics Department Faculty of Agriculture Sohag University Sohag Egypt

Abstract

The study assessed six parents of bread wheat and their 15 F1 crosses under normal and drought stress conditions to evaluate genotypic variation. Results showed highly significant genotypic and genotype-environment (G × E) interactions across all traits, indicating substantial variability and differential responses among genotypes. Under normal conditions, Diebera and Pectora were earliest to flower, while Canada-462 and Giza-171 were earliest under drought. Canada-462, Diebera, and Sids-12 consistently exhibited superior performance for traits like plant height, spike length, and grain yield. Their crosses, particularly P1 × P2, P1 × P3, and P2 × P6, also performed best under both conditions. Drought stress caused notable reductions in all traits, especially grain yield (up to 21.07% in parents). Drought susceptibility index (DSI) identified tolerant parents (Pectora, Sahel-1, Giza-171, and Sids-12) and crosses (e.g., P4 × P6, P5 × P6). Combining ability analysis showed that both additive (GCA) and non-additive (SCA) gene actions were significant, with non-additive effects predominating in most traits. Heritability estimates were higher in broad sense than narrow sense. Overall, the results highlight promising parents and crosses for breeding drought-tolerant wheat with enhanced yield and adaptability, emphasizing the utility of both additive and dominance gene actions in selection strategies.

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